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Related Concept Videos

Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry01:19

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:33

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization
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Simultaneous Affinity Enrichment of Two Post-Translational Modifications for Quantification and Site Localization

Published on: February 27, 2020

A simplified approach to direct SPE-MS.

Esme Candish1, Andrew Gooley, Hans-Jürgen Wirth

  • 1Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Chemistry, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

Journal of Separation Science
|September 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces Controlled Directional Flow (CDF) Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) for rapid urine analysis. This novel technique significantly reduces carryover and speeds up sample preparation and analysis for opiates and codeine metabolites.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) is a technique for sample preparation.
  • Direct hyphenation with Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) enables rapid analysis.
  • Opiates and codeine metabolites in urine require efficient screening methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel Controlled Directional Flow (CDF) MEPS format.
  • To improve the efficiency and reduce carryover in MEPS-ESI-MS analysis.
  • To enable rapid screening of opiates and codeine metabolites in urine.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel MEPS format using a two-way valve for controlled liquid flow.
  • Optimization of MEPS-ESI-MS for recovery, matrix effects, and infusion speed.
  • Application of CDF MEPS for the analysis of codeine metabolites in urine samples.

Main Results:

  • CDF MEPS significantly reduced carryover from 65% to 1% compared to conventional MEPS.
  • Method demonstrated high recovery (<89%), low matrix effects (<42%), excellent linearity (r(2) > 0.99), and low LODs (<5 ng/mL).
  • At-line MEPS-ESI-MS analysis, including sample preparation, was completed in 5 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • CDF MEPS is an effective technique for rapid and efficient sample preparation in ESI-MS.
  • The novel MEPS format alleviates method development burden and facilitates high-throughput analysis.
  • This method is suitable for the at-line screening of opiates and codeine metabolites in urine.