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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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PPARγ in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Vito Annese1, Francesca Rogai, Alessia Settesoldi

  • 1Gastroenterology Unit, Careggi, University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy.

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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) influences intestinal inflammation and may be key in treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Research explores PPARγ’s role in IBD development and therapeutic potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor involved in regulating cellular processes.
  • PPARγ is expressed in the colon, particularly in epithelial cells, and plays a role in modulating intestinal inflammation.
  • Dysregulation of PPARγ signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PPARγ in the predisposition and physiopathology of IBD.
  • To analyze the therapeutic potential of PPARγ ligands in managing IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PPARγ function in the colon.
  • Analysis of studies investigating PPARγ ligands in experimental colitis models.
  • Examination of the interplay between PPARγ, inflammation, and IBD.

Main Results:

  • PPARγ ligands, both natural and synthetic, demonstrate beneficial effects in experimental colitis.
  • PPARγ activation shows potential for therapeutic intervention in IBD.

Conclusions:

  • PPARγ is a significant factor in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and IBD.
  • Targeting PPARγ presents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease.