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Related Concept Videos

Resistance01:19

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement (PMSM), for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
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Silent struggle.

Justin Sempsrott1, Andrew Schmidt, Seth Hawkins

  • 1University of Nevada School of Medicine, USA. USA. Justin@lifeguardswithoutborders.org

JEMS : a Journal of Emergency Medical Services
|September 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drowning is a hypoxic event, not cardiac. Early ventilation and oxygenation are crucial for treating drowning injuries, improving survival rates. Prevention and community-based treatment are key.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Resuscitation Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Drowning remains a significant cause of injury and death globally.
  • Advances in understanding drowning pathophysiology and treatment have been made over the last 40-50 years.
  • Current emergency medical service (EMS) protocols may not adequately address the unique hypoxic nature of drowning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical importance of recognizing drowning as a primary hypoxic event.
  • To advocate for revised EMS treatment algorithms prioritizing ventilation and oxygenation for drowning victims.
  • To emphasize the role of EMS and fire services in drowning prevention and community-based treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on drowning pathophysiology and treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of existing EMS protocols for cardiac arrest versus drowning.
  • Discussion of the physiological differences between drowning and cardiac arrest.

Main Results:

  • Drowning is fundamentally a hypoxic event caused by submersion, distinct from cardiac arrest.
  • Standard BLS/ALS algorithms (CAB) are optimized for cardiac arrest, not the ABC approach needed for drowning.
  • Effective treatment requires immediate ventilation and oxygenation to address hypoxia.

Conclusions:

  • The terms "near drowning" and "secondary drowning" are misleading and should be discontinued.
  • EMS personnel must understand and treat drowning as a primary hypoxic event.
  • A community-focused approach involving EMS and fire services is vital for both drowning prevention and effective treatment.