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Related Concept Videos

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
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Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

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Regulation of DNA replication licensing.

Hiroyuki Niida1, Masatoshi Kitagawa

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan. niidah@hama-med.ac.jp

Current Drug Targets
|September 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

DNA replication ensures cells copy their DNA only once per cycle using DNA licensing. This process, involving pre-replication complex assembly, prevents DNA rereplication in mammals.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic DNA replication is tightly regulated to occur once per cell cycle.
  • DNA licensing ensures replication initiation occurs only during specific cell cycle phases (late M to G1).
  • The license is invalidated upon initiation of DNA replication, preventing re-replication until the next cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulation mechanisms controlling the assembly of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC).
  • Focus on mammalian systems for controlling pre-RC assembly and DNA replication.
  • Discuss how pre-RC assembly prevents DNA rereplication.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA replication control.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms in mammalian cells.

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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
10:11

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

Published on: July 26, 2024

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
08:53

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

  • Focus on the assembly of pre-replication complex components.

    • Main Results:

    • DNA licensing is a critical mechanism for preventing DNA rereplication.
    • The pre-RC assembly on replication origins is a key target for regulation.
    • Mammalian cells employ complex systems to control pre-RC formation.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding pre-RC regulation is crucial for comprehending cell cycle control.
    • The mechanisms discussed highlight the intricate nature of DNA replication fidelity.
    • This review provides insights into preventing genomic instability caused by rereplication.