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Related Concept Videos

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Autophagic lysosome reformation.

Yang Chen1, Li Yu

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Experimental Cell Research
|September 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy is a cellular degradation process. This review focuses on autophagic lysosome reformation, the little-studied terminal stage of autophagy.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved lysosome-dependent degradation pathway.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding autophagosome formation mechanisms.
  • The late stages of autophagy, particularly after autolysosome formation, remain less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular processes involved in autophagic lysosome reformation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing the terminal stage of autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on autophagy.
  • Analysis of cellular events and molecular pathways in lysosome reformation.

Main Results:

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Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous LC3 by On-Section Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy

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Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
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Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Published on: January 31, 2025

Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous LC3 by On-Section Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy
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Ultrastructural Localization of Endogenous LC3 by On-Section Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy

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Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond
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Live Cell Imaging of Early Autophagy Events: Omegasomes and Beyond

Published on: July 27, 2013

  • Autophagic lysosome reformation is a critical, yet understudied, terminal phase of autophagy.
  • This process involves specific cellular events and molecular players.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding autophagic lysosome reformation is key to fully comprehending the autophagy pathway.
  • Further research into this terminal stage is warranted to uncover its full biological significance.