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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate resistance.
Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...
Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
Veneer01:19

Veneer

Veneer refers to a thin sheet of wood, typically produced to a thickness of about one-eighth of an inch or less. This material is crafted through various methods, the most common being rotary cutting. In this process, a log is mounted into a large lathe and spun against a knife edge, peeling off a continuous strip of wood as the knife penetrates deeper into the rotating log, creating a rotary-cut veneer.
Other veneering techniques include plain-slicing, quarter-slicing, and rift-slicing. These...
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

Cementum made more visual.

D Shukla1, D P Vinuth, S W Sowmya

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, India. deepika_shukla06@yahoo.com

The Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology
|September 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cresyl violet stain best visualizes dental cementum under fluorescence microscopy, aiding in diagnosis and age determination. This method enhances observation of cementum in normal teeth and pathologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental histology
  • Biomaterials science

Background:

  • Dental cementum is a critical calcified tissue covering tooth roots.
  • Accurate visualization of cementum is essential for diagnosis and research.
  • Existing staining methods have limitations in differentiating cementum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of various stains for observing dental cementum.
  • To determine the optimal staining and microscopy technique for cementum analysis.
  • To investigate the potential of fluorescence microscopy in cementum studies.

Main Methods:

  • Sections from normal teeth, cemental pathologies, and ground sections were prepared (4µm).
  • Stains used included cresyl violet, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H/E), toluidine blue, and periodic acid Schiff (PAS).
  • Observations were conducted using both light and fluorescence microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Cresyl violet provided superior contrast for both decalcified and ground sections under light and fluorescence microscopy.
  • Cementum exhibited distinct fluorescence compared to dentin and enamel under fluorescence microscopy.
  • Incremental lines in cementum were clearly visualized with cresyl violet under fluorescence microscopy, suggesting forensic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Cresyl violet is the optimal stain for observing dental cementum, particularly under fluorescence microscopy.
  • Fluorescence microscopy with cresyl violet enhances the visualization of cementum in normal tissues and cemento-osseous lesions.
  • This technique holds promise for forensic age determination through the analysis of cemental incremental lines.