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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:06

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...

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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

Fast passage dynamic nuclear polarization on rotating solids.

Frederic Mentink-Vigier1, Umit Akbey, Yonatan Hovav

  • 1Chemical Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. frederic.mentink@weizmann.ac.il

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|September 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magic Angle Spinning Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (MAS DNP) significantly boosts NMR signal in solids. This study introduces a new model explaining MAS DNP mechanisms, validated by experiments on proline and SH3 protein.

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Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a powerful technique for enhancing NMR signal-to-noise ratios in solid samples.
  • Conventional DNP interpretations often overlook the impact of sample spinning on polarization mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing DNP-enhanced NMR experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of sample spinning on DNP mechanisms in MAS DNP experiments.
  • To introduce and validate a theoretical model for nuclear polarization buildup in MAS DNP.
  • To elucidate the roles of specific dynamic processes in MAS DNP enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental MAS DNP on (1)H and (13)C nuclei in proline and SH3 protein using a water/glycerol solvent with TOTAPOL.
  • Development of a theoretical model based on Liouville space simulations incorporating relaxation.
  • Analysis of two spin systems: {electron-nucleus} and {electron-electron-nucleus}.

Main Results:

  • Experimental validation of MAS DNP enhancements for (1)H and (13)C in proline and SH3 protein.
  • The theoretical model successfully explains the MAS-SE-DNP and MAS-CE-DNP processes, emphasizing fast energy passages and short level anti-crossings.
  • Numerical simulations show good agreement between theoretical and experimental spinning frequency dependencies for MAS-CE-DNP enhancements.

Conclusions:

  • Sample spinning significantly influences DNP mechanisms in MAS DNP experiments.
  • The developed theoretical model provides a comprehensive explanation for nuclear polarization buildup under MAS conditions.
  • The findings offer insights into optimizing experimental parameters for enhanced DNP performance in solid-state NMR.