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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...
Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur02:30

Chirality at Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur

Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
A consequence of chirality is the need for enantiomeric resolution. While this is theoretically possible for all...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

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An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation
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An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

Published on: February 27, 2019

Active chiral fluids.

S Fürthauer1, M Strempel, S W Grill

  • 1Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany.

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|September 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological systems display chirality. This study derives equations for active fluids, revealing how chiral motors generate large-scale flows through collective behavior, impacting fluid dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Active biological processes frequently exhibit chiral asymmetries.
  • Examples include cytoskeletal filaments, cilia/flagella movement, and microswimmer trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive constitutive material equations for active fluids incorporating active chiral processes.
  • To identify and analyze active contributions to stress and angular momentum flux.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of constitutive material equations for active fluids.
  • Analysis of four types of elementary chiral motors and their hydrodynamic effects.
  • Investigation of collective motor behavior and resulting flow patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified active contributions to the antisymmetric stress tensor.
  • Quantified active angular momentum fluxes.
  • Demonstrated that collective chiral motor behavior can induce large-scale flows.

Conclusions:

  • Active chiral processes significantly influence the behavior of active fluids.
  • Collective effects of chiral motors are crucial for generating macroscopic flows, even from non-interacting units.