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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Updated: May 18, 2026

A "Plug-And-Display" Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Displaying SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain
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Eggshell-inspired biomineralization generates vaccines that do not require refrigeration.

Guangchuan Wang1, Xiaofeng Li, Lijuan Mo

  • 1Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

In situ biomineralization coats vaccine particles with an egg-like shell, enhancing thermostability. This innovation allows vaccines to be stored without refrigeration for extended periods while maintaining biological activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Vaccine Technology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Traditional vaccine formulations require cold chain storage, limiting accessibility in resource-limited settings.
  • Improving vaccine thermostability is crucial for global health initiatives and reducing logistical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for enhancing vaccine particle thermostability.
  • To investigate the efficacy of in situ biomineralization for creating a protective shell on vaccine particles.

Main Methods:

  • Employing in situ biomineralization to form a mineralized shell around vaccine particles.
  • Evaluating the thermostability of biomineralized vaccine particles compared to bare particles.
  • Assessing the biological activity of the modified vaccines in vitro and in vivo using a mouse model.

Main Results:

  • Biomineralization successfully created an egg-like shell on vaccine particles.
  • The biomineralized vaccine particles demonstrated significantly improved stability at ambient temperatures for up to one week.
  • Vaccine activity was preserved in vitro and in vivo after ambient temperature storage.

Conclusions:

  • In situ biomineralization offers a promising strategy for creating robust, thermostable vaccine formulations.
  • This approach could overcome cold chain limitations, improving vaccine delivery and accessibility worldwide.