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Decrease of sexual organ reciprocity between heterostylous primrose species, with possible functional and

Barbara Keller1, Jurriaan M de Vos, Elena Conti

  • 1Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.

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|September 25, 2012
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Sexual organ reciprocity in primroses is lower between species than within. This reduction in reciprocal placement of anthers and stigmas may limit interspecific pollen flow and aid reproductive isolation.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Plant reproductive strategies
  • Floral morphology

Background:

  • Heterostyly, a floral polymorphism studied since Darwin, features reciprocal anther and stigma placement in distinct floral morphs.
  • Variations in this reciprocity affect pollen transfer, but its partitioning within and between closely related species remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in intermorph sexual reciprocity within and between naturally hybridizing primrose species.
  • To determine if sexual organ positions correlate with other floral traits.

Main Methods:

  • Measured six floral traits in two morphs across 15 populations of Primula elatior, P. veris, and P. vulgaris.
  • Estimated anther-stigma reciprocity within and between species using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Main Results:

  • Primrose species were morphologically distinct, though P. veris and P. vulgaris showed similar sexual organ positions.
  • Interspecific sexual organ reciprocity was consistently lower than intraspecific reciprocity.
  • Reciprocity reduction varied between species pairs, being most pronounced between P. elatior and P. vulgaris.

Conclusions:

  • Anther and stigma height differences between primrose species were substantial, comparable to or exceeding intraspecific differences affecting pollen flow.
  • Reduced interspecific sexual organ reciprocity likely decreases interspecific pollen flow, potentially contributing to reproductive isolation.