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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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Macroscopic quantum self-trapping in dynamical tunneling.

Sebastian Wüster1, Beata J Dąbrowska-Wüster, Beata J Dabrowska-Wüster

  • 1The University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonlinearity in Bose-Einstein condensates suppresses quantum tunneling between resonances. However, specific modulation parameters allow tunneling to reemerge, a phenomenon explained by macroscopic quantum self-trapping.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Nonlinear dynamics

Background:

  • Repulsive atomic interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates are known to suppress quantum tunneling.
  • Dynamical tunneling in driven potentials is analogous to spatial tunneling in double-well systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of nonlinearity on dynamical tunneling in a Bose-Einstein condensate.
  • To explore the conditions under which tunneling suppression and reemergence occur.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of Bose-Einstein condensate dynamics.
  • Development and application of a two-mode model.
  • Analysis of tunneling behavior across a range of nonlinearity and modulation parameters.

Main Results:

  • Small nonlinearities increase the tunneling period compared to noninteracting systems.
  • Above a critical nonlinearity, tunneling is generally suppressed.
  • Tunneling reemerges for specific modulation parameters at large nonlinearities, an effect not seen in spatial tunneling.

Conclusions:

  • Macroscopic quantum self-trapping is identified as the mechanism responsible for tunneling suppression.
  • The findings extend the understanding of nonlinearity effects on quantum dynamics in Bose-Einstein condensates.