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Updated: May 18, 2026

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
Published on: February 2, 2012
First resolved observations of the demagnetized electron-diffusion region of an astrophysical magnetic-reconnection
J D Scudder1, R D Holdaway, W S Daughton
1University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52442, USA.
Abstract:
Spatially resolved, diagnostic signatures across the X-line and electron-diffusion region (EDR) by the Polar spacecraft are reported at Earth's magnetopause. The X-line traversal has a local electron's skin depth scale. First, resolved EDR profiles are presented with peak electron thermal Mach numbers >1.5, anisotropy >7, calibrated electron agyrotropy >1, and misordered expansion parameters indicative of demagnetization and strong (150 eV) increases in electron temperature. The amplitude and phase of these profiles correlate well with a guide geometry kinetic simulation of collisionless magnetic reconnection. Such high resolution diagnosis has been made possible by data processing techniques that afford an 11-fold reduction in the aliasing time for the electron moments.
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