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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Synthetic 3D spin-orbit coupling.

Brandon M Anderson1, Gediminas Juzeliūnas, Victor M Galitski

  • 1Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a 3D analogue to Rashba spin-orbit coupling using ultracold atoms. This method creates a robust Dirac point and guarantees a molecular bound state in fermionic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Rashba spin-orbit coupling is crucial for spintronics.
  • Creating artificial analogues in ultracold atoms allows for controlled studies.
  • Previous methods lacked three-dimensional analogues or robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and theoretically validate a method for realizing a 3D Rashba spin-orbit coupling analogue.
  • To investigate the properties of the resulting Dirac point.
  • To determine the implications for fermionic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing laser-induced Raman transitions to couple four internal atomic states.
  • Engineering a tetrahedral geometry for the atomic states.
  • Applying theoretical analysis to a fermionic system with the engineered coupling.

Main Results:

  • A robust three-dimensional analogue to Rashba spin-orbit coupling is described.
  • The system exhibits a Dirac point that is stable against environmental noise.
  • An exact result proves the inevitable formation of a molecular bound state in fermionic systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method offers a novel way to engineer spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atoms.
  • The robust Dirac point has potential applications in quantum simulation.
  • The guaranteed molecular bound state provides a fundamental insight into fermionic many-body physics.