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Dephasing by a zero-temperature detector and the Friedel sum rule.

Bernd Rosenow1, Yuval Gefen

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Leipzig, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Quantum fluctuations in detectors cause dephasing in interferometers, even at zero temperature. This phenomenon, related to an orthogonality catastrophe, is quantified by the Friedel sum rule.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Interferometers are sensitive to particle path detection, leading to dephasing.
  • Thermal fluctuations of a detector at equilibrium cause dephasing at finite temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dephasing in an interferometer caused by detector quantum fluctuations at zero temperature.
  • To characterize the nature of this zero-temperature dephasing and its relation to orthogonality catastrophe.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of a detector in equilibrium with an interferometer.
  • Examination of dephasing in the zero-temperature limit.

Main Results:

  • Equilibrium quantum fluctuations of the detector induce dephasing in an out-of-equilibrium interferometer at zero temperature.
  • This dephasing is a distinct form of orthogonality catastrophe.
  • The magnitude of dephasing is directly linked to the Friedel sum rule.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum fluctuations, not just thermal ones, can cause significant dephasing in quantum systems.
  • The study reveals a novel mechanism for dephasing related to orthogonality catastrophe and the Friedel sum rule.