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Related Concept Videos

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
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For incompressible Newtonian fluids, where density remains constant, stresses show a linear relationship with the deformation rate, defined by normal and shear stresses. Normal stresses depend on the pressure exerted on the fluid and the rate of deformation in specific directions, which determines how fluid flows under varying pressures. Shear stresses, on the other hand, act tangentially across fluid layers. They explain how adjacent fluid layers slide relative to one another, connecting...
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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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In fluid mechanics, shear stresses arise from viscosity, which represents a fluid's internal resistance to deformation. For low-viscosity fluids, like water, these stresses are minimal, simplifying flow analysis by allowing the fluid to be treated as inviscid, or frictionless. In an inviscid fluid, shear stresses are absent, leaving only normal stresses, which act perpendicularly to fluid elements. Notably, pressure — defined as the negative of the normal stress — remains uniform across...

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Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering
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Published on: February 6, 2014

Nanoscale simple-fluid behavior under steady shear.

Xin Yong1, Lucy T Zhang

  • 1Department of Mechanical, Aerospace & Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores fluid dynamics using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics, finding nanoscale confinement doesn't alter continuum hydrodynamics. At high shear rates, a "string phase" and shear thinning are observed in dense simple fluids.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding fluid rheology under shear is crucial for various scientific and engineering applications.
  • Nanoscale confinement effects on fluid behavior are not fully understood.
  • Continuum hydrodynamics often fails to accurately describe fluid properties at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rheology and flow properties of a simple fluid under steady simple shear.
  • To elucidate the influence of nanoscale confinement on fluid behavior.
  • To explore non-Newtonian phenomena in simple fluids at high shear rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two nonequilibrium molecular dynamics algorithms: boundary-driven shear and homogeneous shear.
  • Simulated fluid behavior under steady simple shear conditions.
  • Analyzed rheological material functions, including viscosity and normal pressure differences.

Main Results:

  • Consistent Newtonian behaviors observed at low shear rates for both algorithms.
  • Nanoscale confinement (approx. 10 nm) did not deviate fluid behavior from continuum hydrodynamics.
  • Observed a
  • string phase
  • and second shear thinning at high shear rates in dense simple fluids.

Conclusions:

  • Continuum hydrodynamics remains valid for simple fluids confined at the 10 nm scale.
  • The
  • string phase
  • and shear thinning are genuine phenomena in dense simple fluids under high shear, not artifacts.
  • Provides insights into non-Newtonian fluid mechanics at the nanoscale.