Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Free Jet01:14

Free Jet

Free jets describe the flow of liquid exiting a reservoir through an opening into the atmosphere without resistance. The velocity (v) of the liquid jet is derived using Bernoulli's principle and expressed as:
Impact01:30

Impact

Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are employed to...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Male and female contributions to diversity among birdwing butterfly images.

Communications biology·2024
Same author

Erratum: Guttenberg et al. Classification of the Biogenicity of Complex Organic Mixtures for the Detection of Extraterrestrial Life. <i>Life</i> 2021, <i>11</i>, 234.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Classification of the Biogenicity of Complex Organic Mixtures for the Detection of Extraterrestrial Life.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

Cross-Subject EEG-Based Emotion Recognition Through Neural Networks With Stratified Normalization.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2021
Same author

Publisher Correction: Impacts of speciation and extinction measured by an evolutionary decay clock.

Nature·2021
Same author

Impacts of speciation and extinction measured by an evolutionary decay clock.

Nature·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

Microscopic dissipation in a cohesionless granular jet impact.

Nicholas Guttenberg1

  • 1James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Dense granular flow exhibits continuum properties. Researchers studied a granular jet impinging on a target, finding the cone angle depends on friction and a dead zone, with dissipation being a minor effect.

More Related Videos

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids
10:09

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Published on: March 5, 2014

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids
10:09

Fast Imaging Technique to Study Drop Impact Dynamics of Non-Newtonian Fluids

Published on: March 5, 2014

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Granular systems can exhibit continuum properties.
  • Understanding the continuum limit is crucial for modeling granular flows.
  • Dense granular flows present unique challenges due to particle interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the continuum limit of unconfined, dense granular flow.
  • Analyze a two-dimensional dense cohesionless granular jet impinging on a target.
  • Connect macroscopic flow behavior to microscopic grain properties.

Main Methods:

  • Time-step-driven hard-sphere simulation method.
  • Mean-field theoretical approach.
  • Analysis of flow separation into a cone.

Main Results:

  • Flow separates into a cone with an angle determined by momentum conservation and energy dissipation.
  • A dimensionless quantity (A-B) characterizing the flow was extracted from the cone angle.
  • The quantity A-B depends on the presence of a dead zone and the coefficient of dynamic friction.

Conclusions:

  • Dissipation appears to be a perturbative effect in this granular flow.
  • The coefficient of dynamic friction significantly influences flow characteristics.
  • A theory for scaling A-B with friction was developed, suggesting limited qualitative impact of dissipation.