Separation of pygmy dipole and M1 resonances in 90Zr by a high-resolution inelastic proton scattering near 0°
Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 18, 2026

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
Published on: October 9, 2012
C Iwamoto1, H Utsunomiya, A Tamii
1Department of Physics, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8501, Japan.
Abstract:
A high-resolution measurement of inelastic proton scattering off (90)Zr near 0° was performed at 295 MeV with a focus on a pronounced strength previously reported in the low-energy tail of giant dipole resonance. A forest of fine structure was observed in the excitation energy region 7-12 MeV. A multipole decomposition analysis of the angular distribution for the forest was carried out using the ECIS95 distorted-wave Born approximation code with the Hartree-Fock plus random-phase approximation model of E1 and M1 transition densities and inclusion of E1 Coulomb excitation. The analysis separated pygmy dipole and M1 resonances in the forest at E(PDR)=9.15±0.18 MeV with Γ(PDR)=2.91±0.64 MeV and at E(M1)=9.53±0.06 MeV with Γ(M1)=2.70±0.17 MeV in the Lorentzian function, respectively. The B(E1)↑ value for pygmy dipole resonance over 7-11 MeV is 0.75±0.08 e(2)fm(2), which corresponds to 2.1±0.2% of the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule.
Related Concept Videos
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

