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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

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Time-dependent wave selection for information processing in excitable media.

William M Stevens1, Andrew Adamatzky, Ishrat Jahan

  • 1Faculty of Environment and Technology, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom. william.stevens@uwe.ac.uk

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method for creating logic circuits using chemical reactions. The technique employs wave propagation and annihilation in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction with novel valvelike junctions for wave selection.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Nonlinear Dynamics

Background:

  • Chemical excitable media, such as the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, exhibit wave propagation.
  • Previous implementations of logic circuits in these media faced geometrical constraints.
  • Controlling wave propagation at channel junctions is crucial for complex circuit design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved technique for implementing logic circuits in light-sensitive chemical excitable media.
  • To overcome geometrical constraints in chemical circuit design.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of complex computations using this novel approach.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the constant-speed wave propagation and mutual annihilation of waves in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction.
  • Implementing valvelike junctions at channel intersections that periodically alternate between permitting and blocking wave propagation.
  • Projecting circuit layouts using a digital projector, with excitable channels as dark areas and unexcitable regions as light areas.
  • Employing valves with a 50% duty cycle and synchronized period and phase.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the ability to select waves based on their propagation time using the valvelike junctions.
  • Successfully implemented logic gates based on OR and AND-NOT operations.
  • Achieved compact circuit designs due to minimal geometrical constraints.
  • Experimentally implemented a four-bit input, two-bit output integer square root circuit.

Conclusions:

  • The developed technique offers a flexible and geometrically unconstrained method for creating logic circuits in chemical excitable media.
  • This approach enables the implementation of complex computational functions, such as integer square root calculation, in a chemical system.
  • The use of dynamically controlled valvelike junctions is key to advancing chemical computing.