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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is the kilocalorie...
Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
07:32

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

Tunable heat transfer with smart nanofluids.

Michele Bernardin1, Federico Comitani, Alberto Vailati

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strongly thermophilic nanofluids exhibit bistability, enabling controlled heat transfer modulation. This research explores switching between conductive and convective heat transfer regimes for enhanced thermal management.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
07:32

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns

Published on: April 10, 2017

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating
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Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

Published on: February 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Strongly thermophilic nanofluids demonstrate efficient heat transfer capabilities under stable temperature differences.
  • The heat transfer characteristics of these nanofluids can exhibit bistability, a phenomenon with significant engineering potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bistability diagram of heat transfer in strongly thermophilic nanofluids.
  • To demonstrate the controlled switching between conductive and convective heat transfer regimes.
  • To achieve controlled modulation of heat flux using nanofluid bistability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the bistability diagram for nanofluid heat transfer.
  • Experimental or computational investigation of heat transfer regimes.
  • Characterization of heat flux modulation.

Main Results:

  • The study reveals a bistability diagram for heat transfer in strongly thermophilic nanofluids.
  • Controlled switching between conductive and convective heat transfer regimes is demonstrated.
  • Effective modulation of heat flux is achieved by exploiting bistability.

Conclusions:

  • Bistability in strongly thermophilic nanofluids offers a mechanism for controlled heat transfer.
  • This controlled switching capability can be utilized for advanced thermal management applications.
  • Nanofluid technology presents a promising avenue for tunable heat flux modulation.