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Intergrain forces in low-Mach-number plasma wakes.

I H Hutchinson1

  • 1Plasma Science and Fusion Center and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Particle-in-cell simulations reveal that plasma wakes around charged dust grains lose oscillations at low flow speeds (Mach numbers < 0.3) due to strong Landau damping. Neutral collisions also affect wake potentials, but a trailing attractive force persists.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Computational physics
  • Dusty plasma dynamics

Background:

  • Charged dust grains in plasmas create complex wake structures.
  • Understanding these wakes is crucial for astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
  • Previous studies often simplified plasma flow conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the plasma wake interactions of charged dust grains.
  • To analyze the influence of subsonic plasma flow velocities on wake characteristics.
  • To determine the transverse forces acting on dust grains within these wakes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized large-scale particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with the coptic code.
  • Performed 3D simulations covering a range of subsonic flow Mach numbers (M).
  • Examined plasmas with a high electron to ion temperature ratio (T(e)/T(i)=100).

Main Results:

  • Oscillatory wakes of single grains vanish below M ≈ 0.3, consistent with strong Landau damping.
  • Neutral collisions suppress potential oscillations above M=0.3 but not the ion-focusing-induced attractive potential peak.
  • The transverse grain-aligning force generally agrees with single-grain wake potential gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Low subsonic flows significantly alter plasma wake structures around charged dust grains.
  • Landau damping and neutral collisions play critical roles in suppressing wake oscillations.
  • The grain-aligning force is minimal in slow flows, except for large grains in nonlinear collisional regimes.