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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport01:23

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Passive Membrane Transport

Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either weak...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells
05:56

Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells

Published on: November 12, 2020

Subdiffusion in a system with thin membranes.

Tadeusz Kosztołowicz1, Kazimierz Dworecki, Katarzyna D Lewandowska

  • 1Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, ul Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland. tadeusz.kosztolowicz@ujk.kielce.pl

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models subdiffusion between two membranes using Green's functions and a novel boundary condition. The model accurately predicts experimental concentration profiles, enabling estimation of the subdiffusion coefficient.

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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope
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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Subdiffusion is a complex transport phenomenon observed in various disordered systems.
  • Membrane transport is crucial in biological and chemical processes, but modeling it with subdiffusion is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical model for subdiffusion in a system with two thin membranes.
  • To introduce a new time-dependent boundary condition for membrane permeability.
  • To experimentally validate the theoretical model and estimate material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling using Green's functions derived from the generalized method of images.
  • Analytical derivation of concentration profiles and substance amount evolution.
  • Experimental measurements of subdiffusion in a polyethylene glycol 2000 in agarose hydrogel system.

Main Results:

  • Developed analytical formulas for concentration profiles and substance amount over time.
  • Introduced a novel boundary condition that accounts for time-varying membrane permeability.
  • Demonstrated excellent agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental data.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed theoretical framework accurately describes subdiffusion between two membranes with a dynamic boundary condition.
  • The study provides a method for estimating subdiffusion coefficients in complex hydrogel systems.
  • This work offers insights into transport phenomena in membrane-bound, heterogeneous environments.