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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...

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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Published on: May 1, 2018

Single-file diffusion in a box: effect of the initial configuration.

S J Manzi1, J J Torrez Herrera, V D Pereyra

  • 1Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física Aplicada-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes single-file diffusion in a confined 1D box. Particle diffusion behavior, including mean-square displacement (MSD), depends on particle size, box size, and initial distribution, with distinct transient regimes observed.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Single-file diffusion is a fundamental transport process in confined systems.
  • Understanding particle interactions and system constraints is crucial for predicting diffusion dynamics.
  • Previous studies often focused on infinite systems or simpler boundary conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the single-file diffusion of non-interacting particles with excluded volume in a one-dimensional finite box.
  • To determine the saturation values and time dependence of the mean-square displacement (MSD) for tracer particles and the system's center of mass.
  • To analyze the influence of initial particle distribution on diffusion behavior, including transient regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Combinatorial analysis was employed for exact numerical evaluation of saturation values.
  • Monte Carlo simulations were utilized to determine the time dependence of the MSD.
  • Various initial particle distributions were systematically studied.

Main Results:

  • Saturation is observed in the final stage of diffusion within the finite box.
  • MSD values for tracer particles and the center of mass are dependent on particle size, box size, and initial distribution.
  • Distinct transient diffusion regimes (normal, subdiffusive, superdiffusive) were identified based on initial particle arrangements, with collisions not affecting the time exponent.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides exact saturation values and insights into time-dependent MSD for confined single-file diffusion.
  • Initial particle distribution significantly impacts transient diffusion behavior, leading to crossovers between different diffusion regimes.
  • A simple expression for the transient regime was derived for random initial distributions.