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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular clefts.
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

Advection, diffusion, and delivery over a network.

Luke L M Heaton1, Eduardo López, Philip K Maini

  • 1LSI DTC, Wolfson Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to track resource transport in complex networks, like fungal systems. Our findings show growth-driven fluid flow is key for long-distance transport in fungi.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization
07:49

Automated Deployment of an Internet Protocol Telephony Service on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Network Functions Virtualization

Published on: November 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Network science
  • Biophysics
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Resource transport is crucial in biological, geophysical, and technological systems.
  • Understanding resource distribution in complex networks with losses and advection-diffusion is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an efficient method for calculating exact resource quantities in arbitrary networks.
  • To model resource allocation and spatial distribution in growing fungal networks.

Main Methods:

  • A novel conceptual approach partitioning resources based on node arrival over time steps.
  • Development of a model for resource delivery in growing fungal networks.
  • Empirical validation using radio-labeled tracers in fungal systems.

Main Results:

  • The model accurately predicts resource distribution in fungal networks.
  • Growth-induced mass flow is sufficient for long-distance transport in well-insulated fungal systems.
  • Active transport may be localized near growing tips.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides an efficient way to quantify resource transport in complex networks.
  • Growth-induced mass flow plays a significant role in resource allocation within fungal networks.
  • Active transport mechanisms might be less critical for long-distance transport than previously thought.