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Related Concept Videos

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
Charging Conductors By Induction01:15

Charging Conductors By Induction

The Earth is a good conductor of electricity, and it is so big that it can be considered an infinite source or sink of charges. It can easily exchange charges with any matter.
Generally, conductors like metals do not allow any excess charge to be present on them. Any excess charge added to metals easily flows away, for example, when a metal is placed on the Earth. This process is called earthing.
However, conductors can be charged by a process called induction. For example, consider charging a...
Electric Field Inside a Conductor01:20

Electric Field Inside a Conductor

When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic equilibrium. The resulting charge distribution and its electric field have many interesting properties, which can be investigated with the help of Gauss's law.
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then has...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor01:26

Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor

Consider a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium. The net electric field inside a conductor vanishes, and extra charges on the conductor reside on its outer surface, regardless of where they originate.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
08:19

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Published on: March 2, 2016

Cloaking core-shell nanoparticles from conducting electrons in solids.

Bolin Liao1, Mona Zebarjadi, Keivan Esfarjani

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed "electron cloaks" to make nanoparticles invisible to electron transport. This breakthrough utilizes core-shell nanoparticles to minimize scattering cross-sections, enabling novel electronic devices.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles
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Published on: March 2, 2016

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Published on: August 16, 2012

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13:29

Harvesting Solar Energy by Means of Charge-Separating Nanocrystals and Their Solids

Published on: August 23, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles embedded in semiconductors can impede electron transport.
  • Controlling electron-matter interactions at the nanoscale is crucial for advanced electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To render nanoparticles

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the expansion of partial waves framework.
  • Analyzing the phase shifts of scattered electron waves.
  • Investigating core-shell nanoparticle structures.

Main Results:

  • Achieved simultaneous vanishing of scattering cross-sections for the first two partial waves.
  • Demonstrated cloaking effect with total scattering cross-section <0.01% of physical cross-section.
  • Observed a 4-order magnitude difference in scattering cross-section within a 40 meV energy range.

Conclusions:

  • Core-shell nanoparticles can be made effectively invisible to electrons at specific energies.
  • Potential applications include novel electronic switches, sensors, and energy harvesting technologies.