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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

Extensive white matter changes predict stroke recurrence up to 5 years after a first-ever ischemic stroke.

S Melkas1, G Sibolt, N K J Oksala

  • 1Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Helsinki, and Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. susanna.melkas@hus.fi

Cerebrovascular Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Severe white matter changes (WMCs) indicate a higher risk of recurrent ischemic stroke within five years. WMCs serve as a marker for small vessel disease (SVD) and aid in stroke recurrence risk stratification.

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Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping
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Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping
10:25

Brain Infarct Segmentation and Registration on MRI or CT for Lesion-symptom Mapping

Published on: September 25, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • White matter changes (WMCs) are linked to small vessel disease (SVD) and negatively impact cognition, mood, and daily functioning.
  • The association between severe WMCs and recurrent ischemic stroke risk requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if severe WMCs are a risk factor for recurrent ischemic stroke.
  • To evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with severe WMCs after a first-ever ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 320 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke was followed for 12 years.
  • White matter changes (WMCs) were assessed using MRI and categorized as absent-to-moderate or severe.
  • Multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors of stroke recurrence, controlling for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Recurrent stroke occurred in 23.8% of patients at 5 years and 39.7% at 12 years.
  • Severe WMCs were associated with a higher 5-year recurrence risk (39.1%) compared to absent-to-moderate WMCs (24.5%).
  • Independent predictors of 5-year recurrent stroke included severe WMCs, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and peripheral arterial disease.

Conclusions:

  • Severe WMCs predict stroke recurrence within 5 years after an initial ischemic stroke.
  • WMCs can serve as a marker for SVD, summarizing the impact of risk factors on the brain's small vessels.
  • These findings highlight the poor long-term prognosis associated with cerebral SVD.