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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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TRBP alters human precursor microRNA processing in vitro.

Ho Young Lee1, Jennifer A Doudna

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The trans-activation response (TAR) RNA binding protein (TRBP) regulates microRNA (miRNA) processing. TRBP influences miRNA isoforms, altering target selection and gene silencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in human cells.
  • Many miRNAs exist as isoforms with varying lengths, but their biogenesis and function are poorly understood.
  • The trans-activation response (TAR) RNA binding protein (TRBP) interacts with Dicer, an enzyme crucial for miRNA processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TRBP in miRNA biogenesis and processing.
  • To determine how TRBP affects pre-miRNA cleavage and the generation of miRNA isoforms (isomiRs).
  • To understand the functional consequences of TRBP-mediated changes in miRNA processing on mRNA targeting and gene silencing.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical assays to measure pre-miRNA cleavage rates.
  • Analysis of miRNA processing in the presence and absence of TRBP.
  • Assessment of guide strand selection and mRNA target silencing.

Main Results:

  • TRBP modifies pre-miRNA cleavage rates in an RNA-structure-dependent manner.
  • TRBP promotes the generation of isomiRs, which are one nucleotide longer than canonical miRNAs.
  • Changes in miRNA processing by TRBP can alter guide strand selection, leading to preferential silencing of different mRNA targets.

Conclusions:

  • TRBP acts as a critical regulator of miRNA processing in human cells.
  • TRBP-mediated generation of isomiRs can diversify miRNA targeting and gene silencing.
  • These findings highlight TRBP's significance in fine-tuning gene expression through miRNA pathways.