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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a membrane...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Teratogenicity

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Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
05:31

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Preeclampsia is characterized by placental complement dysregulation.

Aletta Buurma1, Danielle Cohen, Kimberley Veraar

  • 1Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, L1 Q, PO Box 9600, P0-107, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands. a.j.buurma@lumc.nl

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Preeclampsia involves complement dysregulation, with increased C4d deposition in placentas linked to earlier delivery. Upregulated CD55 and CD59 suggest altered complement regulation, offering potential therapeutic targets.

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Obstetrics
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Preeclampsia is linked to complement system dysregulation, but its origin remains unclear.
  • The placenta is implicated in preeclampsia pathogenesis, suggesting a role for placental complement activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate complement activation products in placentas from preeclamptic women and controls.
  • To explore the relationship between placental complement deposition and pregnancy outcomes.
  • To examine placental mRNA expression of complement regulatory proteins in preeclampsia.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry for complement components (C1q, MBL, properdin, C4d) in placental tissue.
  • Analysis of staining patterns and correlation with gestational age at delivery.
  • Quantification of placental mRNA expression for complement regulatory proteins (CD55, CD59).

Main Results:

  • C4d deposition was significantly higher in preeclamptic placentas (50%) compared to controls (3%).
  • Diffuse C4d staining in preeclamptic placentas correlated with lower gestational age at delivery.
  • mRNA expression of CD55 and CD59 was significantly upregulated in preeclamptic placentas.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests increased classical complement pathway activation and altered complement regulation in preeclampsia.
  • The extent of complement dysregulation, indicated by C4d, may correlate with preeclampsia severity.
  • Targeting excessive complement activation presents a potential therapeutic strategy for preeclampsia management.