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Foot-strike pattern and performance in a marathon.

Mark E Kasmer1, Xue-Cheng Liu, Kyle G Roberts

  • 1Dept of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
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Most marathon runners heel strike, which is linked to performance but not gender. Understanding this running pattern can help clinicians manage injuries in long-distance runners.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Running Science

Background:

  • Foot-strike pattern is a key biomechanical factor in running.
  • Understanding foot-strike prevalence is crucial for injury prevention and performance optimization in runners.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the prevalence of heel strike in marathon runners.
  • Investigate the association between foot-strike classification and race performance.
  • Examine the relationship between foot-strike classification and gender.

Main Methods:

  • Classified foot-strike patterns (forefoot, midfoot, heel, split) for 2112 runners at the 8.1-km mark of the 2011 Milwaukee Lakefront Marathon.
  • Recorded gender and race rank for all participants.
  • Utilized Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests for statistical analysis.

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Published on: September 14, 2017

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

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08:26

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Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
06:35

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

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Main Results:

  • Heel strike prevalence was 93.67% (1865 of 1991 classified runners).
  • A significant association was found between foot-strike classification and performance (P < .0001), with elite runners less likely to heel strike.
  • No significant association was found between foot-strike classification and gender.

Conclusions:

  • The high prevalence of heel striking reflects common long-distance running biomechanics.
  • Foot-strike pattern may predict injury profiles in runners.
  • Findings can inform clinical diagnosis, management, and training modifications for injured runners.