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The Infant Crying Questionnaire: initial factor structure and validation.

John D Haltigan1, Esther M Leerkes, Regan V Burney

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, United States. jdhaltig@uncg.edu

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This study explored parental beliefs about infant crying using the Infant Crying Questionnaire (ICQ). Findings revealed a five-factor structure, differentiating infant-focused and parent-focused beliefs, with implications for developmental research.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Parenting Research
  • Infant Behavior

Background:

  • Parental beliefs significantly influence infant caregiving practices and child development.
  • Understanding these beliefs is crucial for effective early intervention and support.
  • The Infant Crying Questionnaire (ICQ) is a tool to assess these parental beliefs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factor structure of the Infant Crying Questionnaire (ICQ).
  • To examine the psychometric properties of the ICQ in a sample of primiparous mothers.
  • To assess the concurrent and predictive validity of the ICQ.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the underlying structure of the ICQ.
  • 259 primiparous mothers completed the ICQ and measures of causal attributions.
  • Maternal sensitivity and infant behavioral problems were assessed concurrently and predictively.

Main Results:

  • A five-factor structure for the ICQ was identified, comprising infant-oriented (Attachment/Comfort, Crying as Communication) and parent-oriented (Minimization, Directive Control, Spoiling) beliefs.
  • All scales demonstrated strong internal consistency.
  • The ICQ scales showed associations with mothers' attributions and predictive validity for maternal sensitivity and infant behavioral problems.

Conclusions:

  • The ICQ provides a robust measure of parental beliefs about infant crying.
  • The identified factor structure supports the differentiation between infant-focused and parent-focused belief systems.
  • The findings underscore the utility of the ICQ in developmental research and clinical practice.