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Related Concept Videos

Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2
11:32

High Pressure Single Crystal Diffraction at PX^2

Published on: January 16, 2017

Ni2Sn2Zn from single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Clemens Schmetterer1, Divakar Rajamohan, Herta Silvia Effenberger

  • 1Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany. c.schmetterer@fz-juelich.de

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications
|September 26, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dinickel ditin zinc (Ni(2)Sn(2)Zn) crystallizes in a cubic structure. This new crystal structure shows similarities to other related nickel-tin-zinc compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • The Ni-Sn-Zn system is known to form various intermetallic compounds.
  • Understanding the crystal structures of these compounds is crucial for materials development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the novel compound dinickel ditin zinc (Ni(2)Sn(2)Zn).
  • To compare the structural features of Ni(2)Sn(2)Zn with other known compounds in the Ni-Sn-Zn system.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallization of dinickel ditin zinc.
  • X-ray diffraction analysis to determine crystal structure and lattice parameters.
  • Comparison of crystallographic data with related compounds.

Main Results:

  • Dinickel ditin zinc (Ni(2)Sn(2)Zn) was found to crystallize in the cubic space group Pm3m.
  • The determined lattice parameter is a = 8.845 (1) Å.
  • The crystal structure shows significant similarities to Ni(5.20)Sn(8.7)Zn(4.16)Cu(1.04) and other Ni-Sn-Zn compounds like Ni(5)Sn(4)Zn and Ni(3)Sn(2).

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure of Ni(2)Sn(2)Zn has been successfully elucidated.
  • The findings contribute to the understanding of phase formation and structural relationships within the Ni-Sn-Zn ternary system.