Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 18, 2026

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
Published on: January 27, 2019
The impact of probiotics and prebiotics on the immune system
Todd R Klaenhammer1, Michiel Kleerebezem, Matthias Volkmar Kopp
1Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA. Klaenhammer@ncsu.edu
Abstract:
Probiotics and prebiotics are increasingly being added to foodstuffs with claims of health benefits. Probiotics are live microorganisms that are thought to have beneficial effects on the host, whereas prebiotics are ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or function of beneficial intestinal microorganisms. But can these products directly modulate immune function and influence inflammatory diseases? Here, Nature Reviews Immunology asks four experts to discuss these issues and provide their thoughts on the future application of probiotics as a disease therapy.
Related Concept Videos
Probiotics
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Functions of the Gut Microbiota
The Oral Microbiota
Gut-Brain Axis
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
