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Ovarian dysgenesis in an alpaca with a minute chromosome 36

Elizabeth Fellows1, Michelle Kutzler2, Felipe Avila2

  • 1From the Department of Animal and Rangeland Science, Oregon State University, 315 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 (Fellows and Kutzler); and the Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Avila, Das, and Raudsepp). libbyfellows@gmail.com.

The Journal of Heredity
|September 26, 2012
PubMed

Keywords:
camelidgonadal hypoplasiainfertilitykaryotype

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Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction

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Nondisjunction01:29

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Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
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The human X chromosome contains over ten times the number of genes as in the Y chromosome. Since males have only one X chromosome, and females have two, one might expect females to produce twice as many of the proteins, with undesirable results.