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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
The Scientific Method in Nursing Process01:18

The Scientific Method in Nursing Process

The scientific method provides the foundation for any research. It is the most reliable and objective of all forms of gaining knowledge and guides in applying research-based evidence in practice and conducting future research.
When using research findings to change practice, one must understand the process used to guide a study. The scientific method is a systematic, step-by-step process that supports the data's validity, reliability, and generalizability. As a result, findings can be safely...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

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Updated: May 18, 2026

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Research in clinical sciences.

S K Jindal1

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. dr.skjindal@gmail.com

The Indian Journal of Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences
|September 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Medical research spans from basic observations to molecular studies and therapeutic evaluations. Engaging in collaborative, translational, and operational research, while adhering to ethical principles, is crucial for advancing health outcomes and patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical sciences
  • Health research

Background:

  • The scope of medical research has expanded significantly.
  • Research now encompasses clinical observations, epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of multi-disciplinary and collaborative approaches in health research.
  • To emphasize the value of translational and operational research alongside clinical and experimental studies.
  • To address challenges in research, including ethical principles, patient safety, confidentiality, and costs.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to ethical principles and scientific research methodology is critical.
  • Repetitive studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are needed for definitive conclusions.

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Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies

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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease
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In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
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Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies

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  • Physicians should adopt a scientific temper and engage in research.
  • Main Results:

    • Multi-disciplinary collaboration enhances health research achievements.
    • Translational research applies laboratory findings to clinical practice.
    • Operational research improves health program implementation.

    Conclusions:

    • Ethical adherence and robust scientific methodology maximize research gains.
    • Continuous research, including systematic reviews, is essential for reliable conclusions.
    • Physicians benefit from dedicating time and resources to research and formal training in methodology.