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Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
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Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

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Published on: February 23, 2016

Dissolution process analysis using model-free Noyes-Whitney integral equation.

Yusuke Hattori1, Yoshimasa Haruna, Makoto Otsuka

  • 1Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|September 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a model-free Noyes-Whitney integral equation to analyze drug dissolution. The method accurately represents dissolution profiles and determines key parameters like the dissolution rate constant.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • The Noyes-Whitney-Nernst equation theoretically describes drug dissolution from solid dosages.
  • Model-dependent methods for dissolution analysis often involve idealizations and limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a novel Noyes-Whitney integral equation for model-free analysis of drug dissolution profiles.
  • To determine dissolution rate constants and specific surface areas using the non-linear least squares (NLLS) method.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of solid formulations with varying magnesium stearate (MgSt) blending times.
  • Application of the Noyes-Whitney integral equation with the non-linear least squares (NLLS) method.
  • X-ray computed tomography (CT) observation to analyze surface morphology.

Main Results:

  • The Noyes-Whitney integral equation accurately represented drug dissolution profiles.
  • MgSt coating due to prolonged blending affected water permeation but did not prevent dissolution.
  • Specific surface area increased during dissolution, with surface roughening being dominant over particle disintegration.

Conclusions:

  • The model-free Noyes-Whitney integral equation is effective for analyzing drug dissolution.
  • MgSt blending time influences particle surface properties and dissolution behavior.
  • Surface roughening significantly contributes to the increase in specific surface area during drug dissolution.