Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...

Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

Cholinergic Neurons: Neurotransmission

Cholinergic neurotransmission involves the synthesis and the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in order to transmit nerve impulses across the synapse. The process begins with the synthesis of acetyl CoA, a precursor for ACh, from ATP, acetate, and coenzyme A in the mitochondria. Choline, another vital precursor, is transported inside the neuron through choline transporters, including high-affinity choline transporter CHT1, low-affinity choline transporter CTL1, and lower-affinity choline...

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Immune checkpoint landscape in CD4⁺ T cells stratifies HIV-infected individuals by clinical progression.

Immunologic research·2026

Same author

Discovery of Sulfonamide Pantothenate Kinase Activators and Elucidation of the Role of Isoform Selectivity in Cellular Pantothenate Kinase Activation.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026

Same author

Region-Specific NRF2 Signaling in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Transcriptomic and Computational Histology Study.

Genes·2026

Same author

A Regionally Inspired West Virginia Obesogenic Diet Induces Fat Accretion and Metabolic Dysfunction While Identifying Sex Disparity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic role of TSPAN32 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Immunology letters·2026

Same author

Directions of Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Past, Present and Possible Future.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

Phosphatidylcholine and the CDP-choline cycle.

Paolo Fagone¹, Suzanne Jackowski

¹Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta

|September 27, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The CDP-choline pathway is crucial for phosphatidylcholine synthesis in mammals, with its enzymes and regulation impacting cell function. Understanding this pathway aids in comprehending lipid metabolism and movement.

More Related Videos

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Defining Substrate Specificities for Lipase and Phospholipase Candidates

Published on: November 23, 2016

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

PIP-on-a-chip: A Label-free Study of Protein-phosphoinositide Interactions

Published on: July 27, 2017

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

The CDP-choline pathway, essential for phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) biosynthesis, has been studied for over 50 years.
Investigating this pathway in yeast offers insights into mammalian mechanisms.
PtdCho functions as a key intermediate in a metabolic cycle influencing membrane lipid dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the components and regulatory mechanisms of the mammalian CDP-choline pathway.
To understand the cell- and tissue-specific roles of pathway enzymes.
To explore the biological functions of the CDP-choline cycle using knockout mouse models.

Main Methods:

Analysis of choline transport, choline kinase, phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, and choline phosphotransferase activities.
Examination of protein isoforms and biochemical regulation.
Utilizing knockout mouse models to study in vivo functions.

Main Results:

Identified key enzymes and regulatory mechanisms within the mammalian CDP-choline pathway.
Demonstrated the link between CDP-choline cycle activity and subcellular membrane lipid movement.
Highlighted the cell- and tissue-specific functions of pathway enzymes.

Conclusions:

The CDP-choline pathway is fundamental to PtdCho biosynthesis and membrane lipid regulation in mammals.
Enzyme regulation and protein isoforms are critical for specific cellular functions.
Knockout mouse models are valuable tools for dissecting the biological significance of this pathway.