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Postnatal catch-up fat after late preterm birth.

Maria L Giannì1, Paola Roggero, Nadia Liotto

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Late preterm birth (34-36 weeks gestation) constitutes a significant portion of all preterm births.
  • Understanding postnatal growth patterns in late preterm infants is crucial for assessing long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate postnatal weight gain and body composition changes in late preterm infants.
  • To compare growth trajectories and fat mass accumulation between late preterm and full-term infants.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 49 late preterm infants and 40 full-term infants were studied.
  • Body composition was assessed using air displacement plethysmography at birth, term-corrected age, and 1 and 3 months corrected age.

Main Results:

  • Late preterm infants exhibited a 182% increase in fat mass between birth and term-corrected age.
  • At term and 1 month corrected age, late preterm infants had significantly higher mean weight and fat mass percentage compared to full-term infants.
  • No significant differences in weight or fat mass were observed between groups at 3 months corrected age.

Conclusions:

  • Late preterm infants demonstrate rapid postnatal fat accumulation (catch-up fat).
  • The long-term implications of this accelerated fat gain on chronic disease risk require further research.
  • This rapid fat increase might represent an adaptive response to extrauterine life.