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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
07:28

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor

Published on: July 24, 2012

[Acute cervical spinal cord injury].

Mitsunori Yoshimoto1, Toshihiko Yamashita, Soshi Iwasaki

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8543.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
|September 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Emergency surgery for unstable cervical spinal cord injuries aims to decompress and stabilize the spine, restoring function. Treatment involves reducing dislocations via traction or surgery, followed by fixation for optimal outcomes.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
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Published on: July 24, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Spinal Cord Injury Research

Context:

  • Cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) results in severe quadriplegia and respiratory paralysis.
  • Unstable CSCI necessitates immediate surgical intervention for spinal cord decompression and stabilization.

Purpose:

  • To outline surgical strategies for managing unstable cervical spine injuries with paralysis.
  • To detail the priorities in reducing dislocations and stabilizing the spinal column.

Summary:

  • Initial management focuses on reducing dislocations, often with skeletal traction, to decompress the spinal cord.
  • Surgical options include posterior approaches for reduction and fixation if traction fails.
  • Anterior decompression and fixation are indicated for anterior column instability or compression.

Impact:

  • Timely surgical intervention is crucial for improving neurological outcomes in CSCI patients.
  • Effective spinal decompression and stabilization can mitigate further neurological damage.
  • This approach guides surgical decision-making in complex cervical spine trauma.