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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be met...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.

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Updated: May 18, 2026

Swimming Exercise Protocol and Care Methods for Pregnant Rats
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Swimming Exercise Protocol and Care Methods for Pregnant Rats

Published on: April 5, 2024

Physical exercise during pregnancy: a systematic review.

Simony L Nascimento1, Fernanda G Surita, José G Cecatti

  • 1Obstetric Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. simonylira@yahoo.com.br

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|September 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise during pregnancy enhances maternal fitness and well-being without risks to the newborn. Current guidelines recommend moderate-intensity aerobic activity, with emerging evidence supporting increased duration and strength training.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Pregnancy necessitates careful consideration of physical activity.
  • Understanding exercise benefits and risks is crucial for maternal and fetal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on exercise during pregnancy.
  • To detail effects on mother and fetus.
  • To outline recommendations for exercise type, frequency, intensity, duration, and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent evidence.
  • Analysis of exercise effects on maternal and fetal outcomes.
  • Evaluation of exercise parameters (type, intensity, frequency, duration).

Main Results:

  • Exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness, reduces incontinence, low back pain, and depression symptoms.
  • Gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes are positively impacted.
  • No adverse effects on birth weight or preterm birth rates were observed.
  • Intensity recommendations vary based on prior activity levels; moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is generally advised.
  • New guidelines suggest increased physical activity and strength training for healthy pregnancies.

Conclusions:

  • Physical exercise is safe and beneficial during pregnancy and postpartum.
  • Exercise promotes healthy lifestyle changes with long-term benefits.
  • No increased risks identified for the newborn.