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Experimental and computational laser tissue welding using a protein patch.

W Small, N J Heredia, D J Maitland

    Journal of Biomedical Optics
    |September 28, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Laser tissue welding using a dye-enhanced protein patch achieved strong arterial welds. Evaporative cooling controlled surface temperature, ensuring safe and effective laser-mediated tissue repair in this in vitro study.

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Laser tissue welding offers a sutureless method for vascular repair.
    • Dye enhancement can improve laser energy absorption and welding efficacy.
    • Accurate thermal modeling is crucial for optimizing laser parameters and ensuring tissue safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the efficacy of laser tissue welding using an indocyanine green dye-enhanced collagen patch for arterial repair.
    • To analyze the thermal behavior at the weld site during laser irradiation.
    • To validate experimental findings with computational modeling.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro welding of porcine aorta arteriotomies using an 805-nm diode laser and a collagen patch enhanced with indocyanine green.

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  • Measurement of weld site surface temperature using a two-color infrared thermometer.
  • Complementary thermal and mass transport simulations using the LATIS computer code.

    • Main Results:

    • Laser welding with the enhanced patch produced consistent welds with acute burst strengths exceeding 0.14×10^6 dyn/cm.
    • Experimental and simulated data showed evaporative cooling limited surface temperatures below 100°C, averaging 74°C at 200 J/cm².
    • Inclusion of water transport and evaporative losses in simulations significantly impacted thermal distribution and hydration predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • The dye-enhanced protein patch facilitates controllable energy delivery for robust laser tissue welding.
    • Accurate thermal modeling incorporating evaporative cooling is essential for understanding laser-tissue interactions.
    • This method shows promise for effective and safe sutureless vascular anastomosis.