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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Drug Dependence

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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

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[Addictive behaviors in the aged].

Philippe Nubukpo¹, Lucie Laot, Jean-Pierre Clément

¹Pôle d'addictologie en Limousin, Centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France, Pôle de psychiatrie adulte 23G01, Centre hospitalier La Valette, Saint-Vaury, France, UMR, Inserm 1094, NET, Faculté de médecine, CHU de Limoges, France, Centre mémoire de ressources et de recherche du Limousin, Centre hospitalier Esquirol, Limoges, France.

Geriatrie Et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie Du Vieillissement

|September 28, 2012

Summary

Addictions in older adults, including alcoholism and other substance use disorders, present unique challenges due to somatic comorbidities and atypical symptoms. Specialized screening and treatment approaches are crucial for effective care in the aged population.

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Area of Science:

Geriatric Medicine
Addiction Psychiatry
Psychology

Context:

Focuses on substance and behavioral addictions in the elderly population.
Highlights the unique characteristics of addiction in older adults compared to younger individuals.
Addresses challenges in screening and diagnosis for geriatric addiction.

Purpose:

To review the complexities of alcoholism, substance dependence (tobacco, medication, illicit drugs), and gambling addiction in the aged.
To identify age-related factors influencing addiction presentation and severity.
To discuss psychopathological vulnerabilities and environmental factors impacting geriatric addiction.

Summary:

Addictions in the aged are characterized by frequent somatic comorbidities, age-related physiological changes, and atypical presentations.
Standard screening tools and diagnostic questionnaires are often inadequate for older adults.
Psychopathology reveals persistent vulnerabilities linked to personality dimensions and environmental factors like ageism.
Effective care requires motivational approaches, tailored treatments, and careful pharmacological monitoring.

Impact:

Emphasizes the need for adapted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for addiction in older individuals.
Underscores the importance of addressing ageism to improve comprehensive care for geriatric addiction.
Calls for specialized pharmacological vigilance in treating addiction in the elderly.