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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:

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Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
11:06

Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Published on: February 24, 2014

Epigenetic alterations in hematopoietic malignancies.

Young Rock Chung1, Emma Schatoff, Omar Abdel-Wahab

  • 1Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

International Journal of Hematology
|September 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Mutations in epigenetic genes drive hematopoietic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma. Understanding these DNA and histone modification alterations reveals key biological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

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Published on: February 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Gene discovery efforts reveal mutations in epigenetic regulators in hematopoietic malignancies.
  • These mutations affect DNA cytosine modification and histone modifications, crucial for gene transcription.
  • Genes like ASXL1, DNMT3A, EZH2, IDH1/2, MLL1, and TET2 are frequently altered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present functional evidence on how epigenetic modifier alterations promote hematopoietic transformation.
  • To highlight the role of epigenetic alterations in lymphomagenesis.
  • To discuss the implications for understanding biological mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of gene discovery efforts and mutation data in hematopoietic malignancies.
  • Analysis of functional evidence linking epigenetic alterations to cellular transformation.
  • Synthesis of findings across myeloid malignancies, T-cell lymphomas, and B-cell lymphomas.

Main Results:

  • Mutations in epigenetic genes are prevalent in myeloid malignancies, T-cell lymphomas, and B-cell lymphomas.
  • Alterations in DNA cytosine modification (DNMT3A, IDH1/2, TET2) and histone modification (EZH2, CREBBP, EP300, MLL2) are implicated.
  • Specific mutations like EZH2 are critical in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations are critical drivers of hematopoietic transformation and lymphomagenesis.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms is vital for developing targeted therapies.
  • The identified gene mutations represent potential therapeutic targets for epigenetic-based cancer treatments.