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Updated: May 18, 2026
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)-Based Rapid Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Antibiotic Resistance
Published on: July 28, 2023
In vivo measurement of Helicobacter pylori infection
Marjan Mohammadi1, Samaneh Saberi Kashani, Yeganeh Talebkhan Garoosi
1Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. marjan.mohammadi@pasteur.ac.ir
Abstract:
Helicobacter pylori is a well-recognized gastroduodenal pathogen (National Institute of Health Consensus Conference, JAMA 272:65-9, 1994) and a class I carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monograph on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans 61:177-240, 1994) which successfully colonizes the harsh acidic environment of the stomach. H. pylori is the causative factor for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and an independent risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma development. Therefore, accurate detection of infection is crucial for devising proper eradication regimens and preventing the more severe GI complications.Detection of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa can be performed via (1) direct detection of the bacterium; culture, histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or (2) indirect detection of its enzymatic products particularly urease as well as serum H. pylori-specific antibody responses, which can be detected by rapid urease test (RUT) and serology, respectively.The accuracy of these diagnostic tests is reported as follows: 98.1% for bacterial culture, 98.1% for histology, 94.3% for PCR, 96.2% for RUT, and 84.9% for serology (Ni et al, J Pediatr 136(6):823-7, 2000).
Insights
Accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori infection is vital for preventing peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Bacterial culture and histology offer the highest accuracy among diagnostic methods for H. pylori.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Infectious Diseases
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Helicobacter pylori is a significant gastroduodenal pathogen and a known carcinogen.
- H. pylori infection is linked to peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma.
- Accurate diagnosis of H. pylori is essential for effective treatment and complication prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and compare the accuracy of various diagnostic methods for H. pylori infection.
- To highlight the importance of reliable H. pylori detection in clinical practice.
Main Methods:
- Direct detection methods: bacterial culture, histology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
- Indirect detection methods: rapid urease test (RUT) and serology (H. pylori-specific antibodies).
Main Results:
- Bacterial culture and histology demonstrate the highest accuracy at 98.1%.
- PCR shows 94.3% accuracy, while RUT has 96.2% accuracy.
- Serology exhibits the lowest accuracy at 84.9% among the evaluated tests.
Conclusions:
- Bacterial culture and histology are the most accurate methods for diagnosing H. pylori infection.
- The choice of diagnostic test should consider accuracy, clinical context, and availability.
- Accurate H. pylori detection is critical for managing gastrointestinal conditions and reducing cancer risk.
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