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Glenohumeral internal rotation measurements differ depending on stabilization techniques.

Kevin E Wilk1, Michael M Reinold, Leonard C Macrina

  • 1Champion Sports Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.

Sports Health
|September 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Measuring internal rotation range of motion in overhead athletes requires a standardized technique. Scapular stabilization offers the most reliable method for assessing glenohumeral internal rotation, crucial for accurate clinical comparisons.

Keywords:
goniometryoverhead athleteshoulder

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Loss of glenohumeral internal rotation is common in overhead athletes.
  • Varied measurement techniques hinder study comparisons.
  • Standardization is needed for reliable assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare glenohumeral internal rotation (IR) measurement techniques.
  • To determine the reliability of different stabilization methods.
  • To identify the optimal method for assessing IR range of motion.

Main Methods:

  • Descriptive laboratory study.
  • Compared three techniques: humeral head stabilization, scapular stabilization, and visual inspection.
  • Assessed intrarater and interrater reliability in 20 asymptomatic participants.
  • Measured IR in 39 asymptomatic professional baseball players.

Main Results:

  • Scapular stabilization showed the highest intrarater reliability.
  • Significant differences in IR measurements were found across all three methods (P < .001).
  • Dominant shoulders exhibited significantly less IR than non-dominant shoulders (P < .001).

Conclusions:

  • Measurement methods significantly impact glenohumeral internal rotation assessment.
  • Scapular stabilization provides superior intrarater reproducibility.
  • Recommends scapular stabilization for consistent IR range of motion evaluation.