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The effectiveness of prophylactic knee bracing in american football: a systematic review
Michael J Salata1, Aimee E Gibbs, Jon K Sekiya
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Context:
Knee injuries, particularly of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), are the most common injury sustained in American football. In 1979, Anderson et al described a knee brace that could protect uninjured knees from MCL injuries resulting from lateral impact. Since then, a number of light and free-moving bracing devices have been developed. However, the efficacy of prophylactic knee bracing remains in question.
Objective:
A systematic review of the efficacy of prophylactic knee bracing in preventing MCL injuries in football players.
Data Sources:
Based on MedSearch and PubMed, articles from 1985 to November 2009 were identified with the following keywords and their combinations: prophylactic, prevent injury, knee brace, prevention, medial collateral ligament, MCL, football, and bracing.
Study Selection:
One randomized controlled trial (level 1 study) and 5 prospective cohort studies (level 2 studies) were selected.
Results:
The results of the studies were inconsistent; only 1 study showed that prophylactic knee bracing significantly reduced MCL injuries (P < .05). In contrast, 2 studies found that knee bracing was associated with an increase in knee injuries.
Conclusions:
Prophylactic bracing in American football has not consistently reduced MCL injuries. There remains a lack of evidence to support the routine use of prophylactic knee bracing in uninjured knees. There is limited high-level evidence, bias in the available literature, and confounding variables that limit the current literature.
