Genetic and epigenetic regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase isoforms
Chanse Fyffe1, Richard Buus, Marco Falasca
1Inositide Signalling Group, Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
Abstract:
The last quarter of a century has witnessed remarkable progress in the understanding of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signalling and their involvement in different diseases such as cancer, diabetes and inflammation. Nevertheless, many questions remain open and among these the role of genetic and epigenetic regulation of PI3K isoforms is one of the most prominent. Emerging evidence Indicates that levels of isoforms can be modulated upon stimulation or in both physiological and pathological conditions including increased gene copy number and transcription regulation. In addition, an intriguing role for epigenetic regulation of PI3K expression, caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, are starting to get appreciated. In this review, we summarize the genetic and epigenetic regulation of PI3Ks in physiology and the role played by their alterations in different diseases.
Insights
Genetic and epigenetic regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are crucial in disease. This review details PI3K gene and epigenetic control in health and illness, highlighting open questions.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Signaling
Background:
- Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) signaling is implicated in cancer, diabetes, and inflammation.
- Understanding PI3K regulation is vital for disease treatment.
- Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms controlling PI3K are increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the genetic and epigenetic regulation of PI3K isoforms.
- To explore the role of PI3K alterations in various diseases.
- To highlight current knowledge gaps in PI3K regulation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
- Analysis of PI3K isoform modulation in physiological and pathological conditions.
- Synthesis of evidence on PI3K regulation in disease.
Main Results:
- PI3K levels are modulated by gene copy number and transcription.
- Epigenetic mechanisms, independent of DNA sequence, influence PI3K expression.
- Altered PI3K regulation is linked to cancer, diabetes, and inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Genetic and epigenetic factors significantly impact PI3K function.
- Further research into PI3K regulation is needed for therapeutic strategies.
- Understanding PI3K control is key to addressing major diseases.
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