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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

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Early zebrafish embryogenesis is susceptible to developmental TDCPP exposure.

Sean P McGee1, Ellen M Cooper, Heather M Stapleton

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.

Environmental Health Perspectives
|September 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chlorinated phosphate esters (CPEs) are flame retardants found indoors. Exposure during zebrafish development, particularly at the cleavage stage, may disrupt genome methylation and cause toxicity.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chlorinated phosphate esters (CPEs) are common flame retardants in polyurethane foams.
  • CPEs are frequently detected in indoor environments, raising exposure concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the developmental toxicity of four CPEs (TDCPP, TCEP, TCPP, V6) in early vertebrates.
  • To identify susceptible developmental windows for TDCPP exposure and its metabolite (BDCPP).
  • To investigate TDCPP's effect on zygotic genome methylation during zebrafish embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish embryos were used to screen for teratogenic effects of TDCPP, TCEP, TCPP, and V6.
  • TDCPP uptake, elimination, and metabolite (BDCPP) levels were measured.

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  • The impact of TDCPP on zygotic genome methylation was analyzed during early development.

    • Main Results:

    • The cleavage stage of zebrafish embryogenesis is sensitive to TDCPP.
    • TDCPP exposure during cleavage can delay zygotic genome remethylation.
    • This delay in remethylation may contribute to developmental toxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • Early vertebrate development, specifically the cleavage period, is a susceptible window for CPE toxicity.
    • Further research is necessary to understand the full impact of CPEs on early development.