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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and 'exit' via the...
Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...

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Methods to Study Epithelial Transport Protein Function and Expression in Native Intestine and Caco-2 Cells Grown in 3D
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OSR1-sensitive small intestinal Na+ transport.

Venkanna Pasham1, Ganesh Pathare, Abul Fajol

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.

American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
|September 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) is expressed in the intestine. Partial WNK insensitivity of OSR1 enhances intestinal NHE and colonic ENaC activity, impacting salt transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Renal and Intestinal Transport

Background:

  • Oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) regulates renal salt transport and blood pressure.
  • The role of OSR1 in intestinal salt transport remains largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate OSR1 expression in the intestine.
  • To determine the impact of WNK-resistant OSR1 on intestinal salt transporters (NHE, SGLT1, ENaC).

Main Methods:

  • Western blotting for OSR1 protein abundance.
  • Measurement of intestinal NHE, SGLT1, and colonic ENaC activity in wild-type and OSR1 knockin mice.
  • Ussing chamber experiments and BCECF fluorescence for cytosolic pH.

Main Results:

  • OSR1 protein is expressed in the small intestine of both genotypes.
  • Knockin mice showed lower fecal Na+, K+, H2O excretion and jejunal SGLT1 activity.
  • Knockin mice exhibited higher small intestinal NHE and colonic ENaC activity, with increased colonic phospho-β-ENaC.

Conclusions:

  • OSR1 is expressed in the intestine.
  • Partial WNK insensitivity of OSR1 leads to increased intestinal NHE and colonic ENaC activity.
  • These findings suggest a novel role for OSR1 in regulating intestinal salt homeostasis.