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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 18, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Anisotropic Diffusion of Polyelectrolyte Chains within Multilayer Films.

Li Xu1, Veronika Kozlovskaya, Eugenia Kharlampieva

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030.

ACS Macro Letters
|September 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polyelectrolyte chains in multilayer films move preferentially parallel to the substrate. This anisotropic diffusion was controlled by solution ionic strength and polymer interactions.

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Last Updated: May 18, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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10:08

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Published on: June 3, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Multilayer films are crucial in various applications.
  • Understanding polymer chain dynamics within these films is essential for material design.
  • Anisotropic diffusion can significantly impact film properties and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diffusion behavior of polyelectrolyte chains within multilayer films.
  • To quantify the anisotropy of polymer chain motion.
  • To determine factors controlling chain mobility.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to measure diffusion parallel to the substrate.
  • Employed neutron reflectometry (NR) to probe diffusion perpendicular to the substrate.
  • Varied ionic strength of annealing solutions and steric hindrance to control polymer interactions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated highly anisotropic diffusion of polyelectrolyte chains, with preferential motion parallel to the substrate.
  • Quantified the degree of diffusion anisotropy using complementary techniques (FRAP and NR).
  • Showed that ionic strength and steric hindrance significantly influence chain mobility and anisotropy.

Conclusions:

  • Polyelectrolyte chain diffusion in multilayer films is strongly anisotropic, favoring in-plane motion.
  • Controlling film properties requires understanding and manipulating this anisotropic diffusion.
  • Ionic strength and steric factors are key parameters for tuning polymer chain dynamics in multilayer systems.