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Related Concept Videos

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

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When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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P-wave Cooper pair splitting.

Henning Soller1, Andreas Komnik

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 19, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
|September 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Spin-active interfaces enable novel Cooper pair splitting in quantum computing devices. This research explores how spin-flipped Andreev reflection in superconductor-ferromagnet systems creates unique entangled electron states.

Keywords:
Cooper pair splittingHamiltonian approachentanglementspin-active scatteringsuperconductivity

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Cooper pair splitting is experimentally realized for s-wave Cooper pairs, crucial for quantum computation.
  • Spin-activity at interfaces in nanoscale tunnel junctions is an active area of research.
  • The role of spin-active interfaces in Cooper pair splitters remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the implications of spin-active interfaces in superconductor-ferromagnet beam splitters.
  • To analyze current and cross-correlation of currents in these systems.
  • To explore the realization of p-wave splitting using s-wave superconductors via spin-flipped Andreev reflection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Hamiltonian formalism to calculate the cumulant-generating function of charge transfer.
  • Analyzed conductance characteristics for crossed Andreev reflection.
  • Investigated spin-active scattering effects in superconductor-ferromagnet beam splitters.

Main Results:

  • Characterized conductance for crossed Andreev reflection in s-wave and p-wave superconductors without spin-active scattering.
  • Demonstrated the realization of p-wave splitting using an s-wave superconductor through spin-flipped crossed Andreev reflection.
  • Presented detailed results for conductance and cross-correlations, highlighting the impact of spin-active interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-activity in interfaces introduces novel features to s-wave Cooper pair splitters.
  • These features were previously only achievable with p-wave superconductors.
  • Access to distinct Bell states beyond the typical spin singlet state is enabled.