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Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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Practice effects: a unique cognitive variable.

Kevin Duff1, Catherine Callister, Kathryn Dennett

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. kevin.duff@hsc.utah.edu

The Clinical Neuropsychologist
|October 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Practice effects, or cognitive improvements from repeated testing, were not significantly linked to most demographic or clinical factors in older adults. This suggests practice effects may be a unique tool for diverse patient groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Practice effects are performance improvements on cognitive tests from repeated assessments.
  • Previous research indicates age, education, and health status can influence these effects.
  • Further investigation is needed to identify variables impacting practice effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively quantify short-term practice effects in community-dwelling older adults.
  • To compare practice effects with demographic, cognitive, and clinical variables.

Main Methods:

  • 268 community-dwelling older adults participated in the study.
  • Short-term practice effects were measured.
  • Comparisons were made with demographic data, global cognition, premorbid intellect, depression, and individual cognitive domains.

Main Results:

  • Practice effects were generally not significantly related to most demographic and clinical characteristics.
  • No significant relationships were found between practice effects and individual cognitive domains.
  • Findings were contrary to the study's initial hypotheses.

Conclusions:

  • Practice effects appear to be uninfluenced by many variables that typically affect cognitive scores.
  • These effects may represent a unique and valuable tool for assessing diverse patient populations.
  • The findings suggest potential utility in various clinical applications.